Installing Joomla! 1.5 In MAMP Environment On Your Mac

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GNU General Public License. You can download MAMP from Living-e AG. The download page can be found HERE.

Current MAMP versions require Mac OS X 10.4.x. If you're running Mac OS X 10.3.x you can download an earlier version of MAMP 1.4.1 (universal binary), for Intel and PowerPC.

Previously this site covered installing Joomla! 1.0x in the MAMP environment on your computer. Now that Joomla! 1.5 is available as a stable release you may want to install version 1.5 site on your Macintosh computer using MAMP. The two versions of Joomla! install methods are very similar but there are changes to Joomla! 1.5 that you can get familiar with here.

As of this writing MAMP is a Universal Binary version 1.7.1. The download is a 127 MB disk image. There is also a MAMP Pro version that you can read about HERE. This article will deal with the regular and free version of MAMP.

MAMP is installed on your computer in your 'Applications' Folder. In order to work properly the MAMP folder must be located in the Applications folder. You should also have at least 250 MB of free space on your hard drive.

Once MAMP is installed on your Mac you are now ready to install Joomla! 1.5. Get the latest full install of Joomla! from joomla.org. On the home page of joomla.org There is usually a banner with a button to download Joomla! When you click that download button you may be taken to a page which offers a couple of compressed install package options. The install packages come compressed as a .zip, .tar.gz, and .tar.bz2 compression. Your Macintosh OSX computer can deal with any of these compressions. Pick the one of your choosing and download that to your computer.

Let's say that you chose the .tar.gz package. Your download will likely be called 'Joomla_1.5.8-Stable-Full_Package.tar.gz'. Note that '1.5.8' will change as newer releases of Joomla! are made available. Uncompress this package on your hard drive by double clicking it. Your Mac OS X computer will expand the package into a folder with all the folders and files inside that you require for your install.

You can change that expanded folder name into something simpler like Joomla153 for instance. That's what we'll use for this article. Move this entire Joomla153 folder and its contents to the MAMP application and put it inside the folder called 'htdocs'. The path to the 'htdocs' folder will be /Applications/MAMP/htdocs.

Now you are ready to install Joomla! 1.5. You can start MAMP, the application is inside the MAMP folder. It's simply called 'MAMP'. When MAMP starts up it should launch your web browser, if it isn't already running, and take you to a start up page with a URL of http://localhost:8888/MAMP/?language=English.

Before you navigate to the Joomla! web installation page you are going to need an MySQL database for Joomla!. This can be created using phpMyAdmin which is included with your MAMP install. You can get to phpMyAdmin from the startup page in MAMP. Get to the startup page either by clicking the button 'Open start page' on the MAMP startup interface screen or open by typing the following URL in your web browser:

http://localhost:8888/MAMP

The page that appears has a navigation toolbar near the top of the page. You will find a button for phpMyAdmin on it. When the page refreshes you will be on the phpMyAdmin screen. About half way down the page on you will see in bold text 'Create new database' and a field for you to type in the name you want to use for your database. For this article we are going to call the database 'joomla153' (without the quotes). The default settings of this page should be fine to use. Once you type in the name of your database click the 'Create' button. When the screen refreshes you will see the results 'Database joomla153 has been created.' There will be no tables for this database and you do not need to create any because your Joomla! install will create the necessary tables

You still need to create a username and a password for the database.

So lets make a username and password for our joomla153 database. Click the home icon button in the left column of the phpMyAdmin screen. When the screen refreshes you should see your database name 'joomla153' with (0) beside it. Turn your attention to the middle of the page near the bottom and look for 'Privileges'. Click the Privileges link.

Next screen, about the middle of the page, is a link to 'Add a new user' - click this link

Here is the screen where you will fill in the Username, Host, and Password for your database. You could use 'root' for the username and password but I don't do this. By making a specific username and password for the database you establish good security habits.

• In the User name field type a username for your database

• In the 'Host' field type in 'localhost' (without the quotes).

• In the 'Password' field type a password for your database

• In the 'Re-type' field verify your password by typing it again exactly as the field above.

A little further down the page is 'Global privileges' You can click the link 'Check All' and checkmarks will appear in the Data, Structure, and Administration boxes.

Once you have done this go to the bottom right corner of the screen and click the 'Go' button. After the screen refreshes you should see 'You have added a new user.' results.

Now you are ready to complete your Joomla! 1.5 installation.

To get to your Joomla! web installation in MAMP use the following URL:

http://localhost:8888/Joomla153

Note: if you changed the name of your Joomla! folder to something else, put it in the place of 'Joomla153' in the above URL. This URL will take you to Step 1 of the web installation page for Joomla! 1.5. The first page is the language selector. Pick the language of your choice from the list on the right side of this page then click the 'Next' button on the top right of this page.

Next screen is Step 2: Pre-installation Check. You'll see a list on the right side of the page with information about the installation environment. You want to be seeing green and not red results to the right of the directives. If there are items marked with a red 'No' would need to correct them. Since this is a MAMP install there shouldn't be anything marked with a red 'No' so you are good to go. Click the 'Next' button on the top right of this screen.

Next page is Step 3: License. This is the Joomla! GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE. You should become familiar with the license. When you are done here click the 'Next' button on the top right of this page.

Next screen is Step 4: Database. The right side of the screen is where you need to fill in information about the database.

• By default the Database Type is mysql. We will leave it set to this.

• Host Name - In this field type in 'localhost' (without the quotes)

• Username - Here you will type in the username that you created for the database earlier. I used 'joomla153user' (without the quotes)

• Password - this is a password for the database username. Type in the password you used when creating the username and password in phpMyAdmin earlier.

• Database Name - This is the name of your database. I used 'joomla153' (without the quotes) when creating the database earlier in phpMyAdmin.

Below the Basic Settings are Advanced Settings. In the Advanced Settings you can choose to Drop Existing Tables of an already set up MySQL database you might be using with a Joomla! install. You can also choose the option to Backup Old Tables. Since this is a new Joomla! install with a new database being created we there is no need to make any changes here. When you are done here click the 'Next' button on the top right of this page.

So if you have all the information filled in the fields you can click the 'next' button on the top right of this screen to take you to step 5.

If the information was filled out correctly on the previous screen you will be presented with Step 5: FTP Configuration. If instead you get a screen telling you there was an error, go back and complete the previous steps correctly.

The FTP basic Settings are set by default to 'No'. You can click the radio button and set it to 'Yes' if you like to Enable the FTP file system Layer. I use this in my MAMP environment to enable the use of an ftp program to update the Joomla! install when there is a new version of Joomla! released.

Since you set the Enable FTP file system Layer you will need to fill in the FTP User, FTP Password, and FTP Root Path fields.

• FTP User - The FTP User for your local computer should be the short name of your computer login name, or the name that appears beside the 'Home' icon in your finder window. If the name of your User account on your Mac is 'Joe Joomla' then your username will likely be 'joejoomla' (without the quotes). This is the name you will put in the FTP User field.

• FTP Password - In this field you would put your user login name for your computer. This is the name you type in the login screen when you have logged out of your computer.

• FTP Root Path - The root path to your Joomla! install inside MAMP will be:

/Applications/MAMP/htdocs/joomla153

If you used a different named for your Joomla! install folder then use it instead of joomla153.

You should click the 'Verify FTP Settings' button to ensure that the information you filled in is correct. You will get a confirmation message telling you the settings are valid if the information is right.

Under the Basic Settings is 'Advanced Settings'. In the fields you will see FTP Host with 127.0.0.1 filled in. You should change this to the IP address of your computer. You can find the IP address of your computer in the Network preferences pane of your System Preferences. The IP address of your computer may change depending on how your computer is set up. If you use DHCP to get an IP address when connecting to the Internet, then you will need to keep an eye on this and change it in the Joomla! admin Global Settings screen when necessary or you can simply leave the Basic Settings for FTP Configuration set to 'No' on this screen. You won't be able to use FTP layer if you do this but you can always enable it later, if needed, in the Joomla! Global Settings.

When you are done these steps click the 'Next' button on the top right corner of this screen. If all the information was filled correctly you will go to the next screen:

Step 6: Configuration - On the right side of the screen are fields to fill in.

• Site Name - Put whatever name you would like to use for your site in here

• Your E-mail - Put in your valid email address. Joomla! can send notification emails to you.

• Admin Password - Put a password in here. This will be the password that you will need to login to the backend administration screens for Joomla!

• Confirm Admin Password - It must be typed in exactly as the Admin Password field above.

Below these fields is a radio button to Install Default Sample Data with a 'Install Sample Data' button. It is a really good idea to let Joomla! to install sample content for your new install. It helps you to see how things work in Joomla!. You can unpublish or even delete this content later as you add your own content to your site.

We will leave the migration script area alone for this article since this is a new Joomla! install. When you are done on this screen click the 'Next' button on the top right side of the screen to get to:

Step 7: Finish - Congratulations! Joomla! is Installed. Before you can click either the 'Site' or 'Admin' buttons on the right top corner of this screen you will need to visit the htdoc folder where your Joomla! folder is and go inside that folder and delete the following from the Joomla! folder:

• Folder - installation folder - delete the entire folder from the directory

• File - INSTALL.php - delete the file from the directory

Once those two items are removed from the Joomla! installation folder you can then visit your front page or your Joomla! admin area.

The music of Turkey

The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and music from Ottoman Empire dominions such as Persian music, Balkan music and Byzantine music, as well as more modern European and American popular music influences. In turn, it has influenced these cultures through the Ottoman Empire.[1] Turkey is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is a crossroad of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus and South and Central Asia.

The roots of traditional music in Turkey spans across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks colonized Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences. Much of its modern popular music can trace its roots to the emergence in the early 1930s drive for Westernization.[2]

With the absorbance of immigrants from various regions the diversity of musical genres and musical instrumentation also expanded. Turkey has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of Armenian, Greek, Polish, Azeri and Jewish communities, among others.[1] Many Turkish cities and towns have vibrant local music scenes which, in turn, support a number of regional musical styles.

Historical background

Traditional music in Turkey falls into two main genres; classical art music and folk music. Turkish classical music is characterized by an Ottoman elite culture and influenced lyrically by neighbouring regions and Ottoman provinces, such as Persian and Byzantine vocal traditions and South European cultures.[3] Earlier forms are sometimes termed as saray music in Turkish, meaning royal court music, indicating the source of the genre comes from Ottoman royalty as patronage and composer.[4] Neo-classical or postmodern versions of this traditional genre are termed as art music or sanat musikisi, though often it is unofficially termed as alla turca. In addition, from the saray or royal courts came the Ottoman military band, Mehter takımı in Turkish, considered to be the oldest type of military marching band in the world. It was also the forefather of modern Western percussion bands and has been described as the father of Western military music.[5]

Turkish folk music is the music of Turkish-speaking rural communities of Anatolia, the Balkans, and Middle East. While Turkish folk music contains definitive traces of the Central Asian Turkic cultures, it has also strongly influenced and been influenced by many other indigenous cultures. Religious music in Turkey is sometimes grouped with folk music due to the tradition of the wandering minstrel or aşık (pronounced ashuk), but its influences on Sufism due to the spritiual Mevlevi sect arguably grants it special status.[6]

It has been suggested the distinction between the two major genres comes during the Tanzîmat period of Ottoman era, when Turkish classical music was the music played in the Ottoman palaces and folk music was played in the villages.[7][3] However, with the type of cultural cross-breeding the empire allowed, both genres relate to the multitudes of ethnic groups to be found in the make-up of the Ottoman Empire. In that sense they are the first examples of their kind in world music.[7][3] Although Turkish classical and folk music have generally enjoyed a broad popularity regardless of subcultures, regional classical music has had lapses in prominence.

When the modern Turkish state was proclaimed in 1923, the new republic aimed at creating a nation with a distinct and unified culture. This included replacing the culture of Istanbul, which was perceived as the Ottoman elite, by the culture of rural Anatolia, which was considered Turkish. Hence, folk music was promoted, while classical music became less popular.[2] Moreover, western classical music was introduced and encouraged in accordance with one of the most important policies of the new state, westernization of the society.[2] By the 1960s, western popular music had been introduced to Turkey, with the name hafif-batı müziği (light-western music). At the same time, socialist movements were getting popular in accordance with the world. Musicians who were inspired by these movements started adapting folk music with contemporary sounds and arrangements, giving rise to Anatolian rock and protest music or özgün muzik (authentic music). Increasing immigration in the 1970s from southeastern rural areas to big cities in the west, and particularly to Istanbul, gave rise to a new cultural synthesis, which was regarded as a degeneration of Istanbul music by some musicologists whom favoured Ottoman classical music. Paradoxically things had come full circle; a genre that had once been thought as foreign was now viewed as Turkish or alla turca, as it was reminiscent of a time when Turks were at the height of their power in world events.[2]

The new residents of metropolitan areas suffered from hard economical conditions and had difficulties in adapting to the big city from rural life. This newly constructed culture proceeded to generate its own music, derogatively termed by Istanbul musicologists as arabesque or arabesk, due to its high pitched wailing and exaggerated symbolisms of suffering. Arabesque was a synthesis of Turkish folk and middle-eastern music, similar to the growing left-wing subculture's own "arabesque", which was a new version of protest music fused in folk traditions. In the era influenced by the military government, arabesque and özgün genres were labeled "degenerate" and discouraged by the government, while Turkish classical music and contemporary music were promoted.[2]

Despite this however, western-style pop music lost popularity to arabesque in the late 70s and 80s, with even its greatest proponents Ajda Pekkan and Sezen Aksu falling in status. It became popular again by the beginning of the 1990s, as a result of an opening economy and society. With the support of Aksu, the resurging popularity of pop music gave rise to several international Turkish pop stars such as Tarkan and Sertab Erener. The late 1990s also saw an emergence of underground music producing alternative Turkish rock, electronica, hip-hop, rap and dance music in opposition to the mainstream corporate pop and arabesque genres, which many believe have become too commercial.[8]


Ottoman classical music


As the Empire grew, musics of conquered peoples of the Balkans and the Mediterranean were incorporated into an increasingly diverse Ottoman music. The Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic state, and cultural influences, including music, were shared by groups including the Turks, Armenians, Greeks, Kurds, Arabs, Persians, Assyrians and Jews.

With the beginning of the decline of the empire in the early 19th century, one branch gradually evolved from serious artistic music to "urban entertainment music".[2] But the essence of classical Turkish music— a refined aesthetic, a vast repertoire, a sophisticated makam system of melodic modes, a variety of usul rhythmic modes, a rich body of Ottoman poetry—survived throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and continues in the 21st century.

Though akin to today's classical Arab music, classical Turkish music has a broader repertoire, utilizes a wider range of makams and usuls, and enjoys a strong following of audiences, performers, and students. One can find more distant similarities with Azerbaijan, Uzbek, and other Turkic musics. [3]

Three of the best known composers of Turkish classical music are Buhurizade Itri, Dede Efendi, and Haci Arif Bey. Throughout its history until the late 20th century, classical Turkish music was transmitted orally from teacher to student via the meşk system. Some compositions lost from the oral repertoire have survived in Hamparsum notation, developed by composer and musician Hamparsum Limonciyan by request of Sultan Selim III.

In 1934, the government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk banned Ottoman classical music, though the ban was lifted the following year. Even though the Republic of Turkey has a considerably less multiethnic character than the Ottoman Empire, important performers and composers like Yorgo Bacanos and udi Hrant Kenkulian came from minorities, while favourite Turkish composers include Sadettin Kaynak.

Some of the important musicologists involved with this genre are Prince Cantemir, Cinuçen Tanrıkorur and Rauf Yekta Bey who wrote the first modern account of Turkish classical music available in a Western language. [4]

Modern Turkish singers of neo-classical music include Münir Nurettin Selçuk, Müzeyyen Senar, Zeki Müren, Bülent Ersoy and Emel Sayın. Safiye Ayla ranks as one of the great secular classical singers of the early 20th centery. Kâni Karaca is considered one of the great singers of mosque music and Mevlevi music in the last third of the 20th century. Leading instrumentalists include Necdet Yaṣar (tanbur), Niyazi Sayın (ney), İhsan Özgen (kemenche), Akagündüz Kutbay (ney—deceased).

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